Structural Measurement Atlas

Cleavage measurements

19,298 cleavage measurements from published US geologic maps, recorded as strike and dip and cited to the map each came from — 2% of the Atlas.

Show only cleavage on the map

What it is

Cleavage is a fine, penetrative parting produced by layer-parallel shortening at low metamorphic grade — slaty cleavage being the familiar case, where a mudstone becomes a slate that splits on a plane unrelated to its bedding.

What makes cleavage disproportionately useful is that it typically forms axial-planar to the folds it accompanies: the cleavage plane approximately contains the fold's axial surface. A cleavage reading taken on one limb therefore constrains the geometry of a fold whose hinge may not be exposed anywhere nearby, and the intersection of cleavage with bedding is a lineation parallel to the local fold axis.

The boundary between cleavage and foliation is a matter of grade and of the mapping geologist's judgement, and sources here draw it differently. The raw published term travels with every row.

How the Atlas records it

Every cleavage row carries an azimuth and an inclination in one convention (right-hand-rule strike and dip), a position in WGS 84 with the publisher's own location confidence, the raw type term as the source published it, and the citation of the source map. Selections export as CSV with a companion sources.csv of citations.

Which sources have it

Where it is

StateMeasurementsShare
Vermont 3,65719%
California 1,95410%
Pennsylvania 1,87710%
New Jersey 1,8079%
Virginia 1,5148%
Maryland 1,3677%
North Carolina 1,1296%
Maine 1,0545%
Washington 8554%
New Hampshire 7354%
Colorado 6573%
Oregon 4903%
Alaska 4552%
Tennessee 3902%
Montana 3512%
Wisconsin 2651%
Idaho 2141%
South Dakota 140<1%
South Carolina 134<1%
Connecticut 45<1%
West Virginia 44<1%
New Mexico 36<1%
Arizona 33<1%
New York 30<1%
Michigan 13<1%

Most-measured published maps

Published mapYearScaleMeasurements
adapted from: Southworth, Scott, Schultz, Art, Aleinikoff, J.N., and Merschat, A.J., 2012, Geologic Map of the Great Smoky Mountains National Park Region, Tennessee and North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey, Scientific Investigations Map SIM-2997, scale 1:100,0002016 1000001,064
adapted from: Alvord, Donald C., and Drake, Avery Ala Jr., 1971, Geologic Map of the Bushkill Quadrangle, Pennsylvania and New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-908, scale 1:24,0002021 24000892
Ludman, A., 2024, Bedrock geology of the Lincoln 1:100,000 quadrangle, Maine: Maine Geological Survey, Geologic Map 24-11, scale 1:100,000.2024 1:100,000646
adapted from: Southworth, S., Aleinikoff, J.N., Bailey, C.M., Burton, W.C., Crider, E.A., Hackley, P.C., Smoot, J.P., and Tollo, R.P., 2009, Geologic Map of the Shenandoah National Park Region, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey, OFR 2009-1153, 1:100,000 scale2009 100000640
adapted from: Krauskopf, K.B., 1985, Geologic Map of the Mariposa Quadrangle, Mariposa and Madera Counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1586, scale 1:62,5002021 62500616
Brezinski, D.K., and J.L. Fauth. 2005, Geologic Map of the Middletown Quadrangle, Frederick and Washington Counties, Maryland, Maryland Geological Survey, Baltimore MD.2005 1:24,000538
all_ductile 24000538
SIM bedrock quadrangle databases, New England 1:24,000494
adapted from: Drake, Avery Ala Jr., and Monteverde, Donald H., 1992, Bedrock Geologic Map of the Branchville Quadrangle, Sussex County, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey, Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1700, scale 1:24,0002021 24000476
adapted from: Merschat, Carl, Carter, Mark, and Wooten, Rick, 2008, Geologic Map of Blue Ridge Parkway (North Carolina portion): North Carolina Geological Survey, unpublished digita data, scale 1:240002015 24000422
crenpt 24000389
adapted from: Bateman, P.C., and Krauskopf, K.B., 1987, Geologic Map of the El Portal Quadrangle, West-Central Sierra Nevada, California: U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Field Studies MF-1998, scale 1:62,5002021 62500382

Other measurement types